Manual / Guide

PicoMite MMBasic — Quick Reference (v2)

Author: Geoff Graham
Type: Manual / Guide

picomite
mmbasic
raspberry-pi-pico
quick-reference
basic

# CONSOLE SHORTCUTS F2 RUN F3 LIST F4 EDIT F10 AUTOSAVE F11 XMODEM RECEIVE F12 XMODEM SEND F1, F5–F9 User-programmable with OPTION FNKEY CTRL+C Interrupt running program # EDITOR SHORTCUTS FUNCTION KEYS ESC Exit editor (ask to save if modi ed) F1 Save and return to prompt F2 Save and run F3 Find text SHIFT+F3 Find next F4 Enter mark mode F5 Paste from clipboard MARK MODE KEYS ESC Exit mark mode F4 Cut (copy + delete) F5 Copy DEL Delete marked text # BASIC COMMANDS PROGRAMS, FILES AND DIRECTORIES A: Switch to ash storage B: Switch to SD-card storage NEW Clear memory FILES List les LOAD lename$ Load program RUN or * Start program END End program and return to console LIST Show program in memory EDIT Open built-in editor SAVE « le.bas» Save program to ash/SD KILL « le.bas» Delete le MKDIR «name» Create subdirectory CHDIR «name» Change into directory RMDIR «name» Remove directory RENAME o$ AS n$ Rename old le or dir o$ to new name n$ OTHER ‘ Comment (to the end of the line) /* */ Multiline comment (must be the rst non-space characters at the start of a line and have a space or end-of-line after them) PRINT or ? Write the following value to console INPUT [«str»], v1 Prompt user with optional string str, input is saved to variables v1, v2, etc. PAUSE t Delay for t number of milliseconds INC v [,i] Increments variable v by 1 or i faster than v=v+i # VARIABLES (Max var name length is 32 characters) name Float type (default) Name! Double precision oat type name% 64-bit signed integer type name$ String type DIM name(s) = (c, c1) Global array with size s and content c, c1, etc. AS STRING Set variable type or function return type WITH OPTION EXPLICIT DIM name Global variable LOCAL name Local variable (in sub/func) STATIC name Like LOCAL but value persists between subroutine/function calls CONST name Immutable variable # CONTROL STRUCTURES ———————————————————————————————————————————————————— IF expression THEN statement [ELSE statement] ———————————————————————————————————————————————————— IF expression THEN <statements> [ELSEIF expression THEN <statements>] [ELSE <statements>] ENDIF ———————————————————————————————————————————————————— DO <statements> [EXIT DO / CONTINUE DO] LOOP ———————————————————————————————————————————————————— DO WHILE expression <statements> [EXIT DO / CONTINUE DO] LOOP ———————————————————————————————————————————————————— DO <statements> [EXIT DO / CONTINUE DO] LOOP UNTIL expression ———————————————————————————————————————————————————— FOR i = 1 TO 10 <statements> [EXIT FOR / CONTINUE FOR] NEXT i # SUBROUTINES AND FUNCTIONS Subroutines act like commands and can take arguments. Functions act like subroutines but can also return values. ———————————————————————————————————————————————————— SUB MYSUB arg1, arg2$, arg3 <statements> END SUB ‘ Call subroutine, empty arguments allowed MYSUB 23, , 55 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————— FUNCTION FunctionName(arg1) AS FLOAT ‘ Return value by assigning to name of function FunctionName = arg1 + 0.5 END FUNCTION ‘ Call function a = FunctionName() ———————————————————————————————————————————————————— # GRAPHICS GENERAL CLS [color] RGB(red, green, blue) COLOR fore [, back] FONT number, scaling fi ff fi ff fl fi fl fi fi fi ff ff TEXT x, y, string$ ff fi fi fi fi ff fi fi fi fi ff ff fi fi fi fl fl ff fi fi fi fi fi fl fi fi fi ffi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi # STRING SPECIAL CHARACTERS (Requires OPTION ESCAPE at start of program) Char Hex Description \a 07 Alert (Beep, Bell) \b 08 Backspace \e 1B Escape character \f 0C Formfeed Page Break \n 0A Newline (Line Feed) \r 0D Carriage Return \q 22 Quote symbol \t 09 Horizontal Tab \v 0B Vertical Tab \\ 5C Backslash # EXPRESSIONS AND OPERATORS ARITHMETIC OPERATORS ^ Exponentiation (e.g. b^2) * Multiplication / \ MOD Division, integer division, modulus +Addition, subtraction SHIFT OPERATORS x << y Returns x shifted by y bits to the left x >> y Returns x shifted by y bits to the right LOGICAL OPERATORS = <> Equality, Inequality <> Less than, greater than <= >= Less than / greater than or equal to AND OR Conjunction, disjunction XOR Exclusive or NOT Invert logical value (e.g. NOT a = b) INV Bitwise inversion (e.g. a = INV b) Clear the screen Generate 24 bit color number Set foreground and optional background color Sets the active font number and scale (1-15) Display string starting at x,y (optional args alignment$ (L/C/R + T/M/B), font, scale (1-15), c (color), bc (background color) DRAWING PIXEL x, y [, color] PIXEL(x, y) LINE x1, y1, x2, y2, [lw], c Draw pixel of color at x,y Returns color of pixel at x,y Draw line from x1,y1 to x2,y2 of color c, with lw line width (lw only for vertical/ horizontal lines) BOX x, y, w, h, [lw], c, ll Draw box starting at x,y with w,h dimensions, and lw line width of color c RBOX x, y, w, h, r, c, ll Draw box with rounded corners of radius r CIRCLE x, y, r, lw, a, c, ll Draw circle centered on x,y with radius r, line width lw, and aspect ratio a ( oat 0-1) ARC x, y, r1, [r2], a1, a2 [,c] Draw arc centered on x,y with inner and outer radii r1 and r2, and start and end angles a1 and a2, 0deg at 12 o’clock GUI BITMAP x,y,b,w,h,s,… Draw bits in bitmap b (int or string) starting at x,y, with dimensions w,h (8x8 default), at scale s, with color c and background color bc POLYGON n, x%(), y%(),… Draw n number of polygons with x,y pairs in arrays x%() and y%() with optional border color bc and ll color fc FRAMEBUFFERS This command can be used to avoid screen artifacts when updating SPI displays with moving elements. FRAMEBUFFER CREATE Creates framebu er «F» with RGB121 color space and resolution matching con gured SPI display FRAMEBUFFER LAYER Creates framebu er «L» with RGB121 color space and resolution matching con gured SPI display FRAMEBUFFER WRITE w Speci es target for subsequent graphics commands, where w can be N, F or L with N being the display FRAMEBUFFER CLOSE [w] Closes a framebu er and releases memory, which w can be F or L, and if omitted closes both FRAMEBUFFER COPY f, t [, b] Does full screen copy of one framebu er to another, from f and to t can be N, F or L, N being the display, when copying to display parameter b enables second processor FRAMEBUFFER WAIT Pauses processing until display enters frame blanking FRAMEBUFFER MERGE [c, m, u] Copies contents of Layer bu er and Framebu er to display, omitting all pixels of a particular color c (number 0-15), using mode m (B: second processor, R: continual update second processor, A: abort continual update), at update rate u in milliseconds, both Framebu er and Layerbu er must be created FRAMEBUFFER SYNC Waits for the latest update on the second processor to complete to allow drawing without tearing COLOR NUMBERS Color numbers ranging from 0 to 15 used for certain commands. Number Color | Number Color 0 BLACK | 8 RED 1 BLUE | 9 MAGENTA 2 MYRTLE | 10 RUST 3 COBALT | 11 FUCHSIA 4 MIDGREEN | 12 BROWN 5 CERULEAN | 13 LILAC 6 GREEN | 14 YELLOW 7 CYAN | 15 WHITE # FONTS In all fonts the back quote character (60 hex or 96 decimal) has been replaced with the degree symbol (º). Font #1 and #4 has extended graphics characters from CHR$(32) to CHR$(255) or 20 to FF in hex. Number Size Description 1 8x12 (Default) All 95 ASCII + 7F-FF hex 2 12x20 All 95 ASCII 3 16x24 All 95 ASCII 4 10x16 All 95 ASCII + 7F-FF hex 5 24x32 All 95 ASCII 6 32x50 0-9 + some symbols 7 6x8 All 95 ASCII 8 4x6 All 95 ASCII PM_QR # AUDIO //v2// Sound can be generated or played from les of the supported sound le types FLAC, MOD, and WAV. PLAY t, f$ [, i] Play an audio le with the le type t (WAV/FLAC/MODFILE), named f$, and call subroutine i once nished playing PLAY TONE l, r, d, i Generate sine waves with frequencies in Hz for left and right channels l and r, with duration d in milliseconds, and call subroutine I once nished playing PLAY PAUSE Temporarily pause current playing le or tone PLAY RESUME Resume playing le or tone that was paused PLAY NEXT Play next WAV/FLAC le in directory PLAY PREVIOUS Play previous WAV/FLAC le in directory PLAY STOP Terminate playing le or tone PLAY volume l, r Set volume (0-100) for left l and right r channels # BUILT IN FUNCTIONS STRINGS AND CHARACTERS ASC(s$) Returns ASCII code for rst letter in s$ EVAL(s$) Evaluates s$ as a BASIC expression, and returns result INSTR([st,] s$, p$, s) Returns position where p$ occurs in $s, from position st ( rst character is position 1), returns 0 if not found, p$ is regex if size s is speci ed LEN(s$) Returns number of characters LCASE$(s$) Returns s$ in lower case UCASE$(s$) Returns s$ in upper case LEFT$(s$, n) Returns substring with n number of characters from beginning (left) of string s$ RIGHT$(s$, n) Returns substring with n number of characters from end (right) of string s$ STR$(n) Returns number n as string STRING$(n, $s) Returns string n characters long of the rst character of $s, or $s can be replaced with int ASCII character code NUMBERS AND MATH ABS(n) Returns absolute number n CINT(n) Returns n rounded to closest integer FIX(n) Returns n truncated to integer with no rounding VAL(s$) Returns numerical value of s$, invalid number returns 0 OTHER CHOICE(c, t, f) If condition c is true do expression t, else if false to expression f, faster than «if then elseif» INKEY$ Returns and removes rst character from console input bu er, or empty string CWD$ Returns current working directory TIMER Returns ms since last reset CALL(f$, [,p, …]) E ciently call function named f$ with params p SETPIN p, m, t [,o] Con gure external I/O pin p to mode m (OFF, AIN, DIN, FIN, PIN, CIN, DOUT), with option o. PIN(p) Returns value of pin p (DIN: 1/0, AIN: oat, FIN: Hz, PIN: ms, CIN: count since reset) PIN(p) = v Set output for pin p to value v # PINOUT AND PERIPHERALS